PROTECTING CRITICAL HABITAT

Critical habitat is key to the survival of endangered species. In fact, a study by the Center found, plants and animals with federally protected critical habitat are more than twice as likely to be moving toward recovery than species without it.

BACKGROUND

One of the Endangered Species Act’s strongest provisions, designation of “critical habitat” is required for all domestic species listed under the Act. Critical habitat includes specific areas within a species’ current range that have “physical or biological features essential to the conservation of the species,” as well as areas outside the species’ current range upon a determination “that such areas are essential for the conservation of the species.” In other words, the original definition of critical habitat said it must include all areas deemed important to a species’ survival or recovery, whether the species currently resides in those areas, historically resided in those areas, uses those areas for movement, or needs them for any other reason.

Critical habitat provides key protections for listed species by prohibiting federal agencies from permitting, funding, or carrying out actions that “adversely modify” designated areas. Designating critical habitat also provides vital information to local governments and citizens about where important habitat for endangered species is located — and why they should help conserve it.

OUR WORK

Despite the obvious importance of critical habitat, both the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA Fisheries — the agencies required by law to designate critical habitat — have been hesitant to protect it. Ever since the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973, the agencies (especially the Fish and Wildlife Service) often drag their feet on designating critical habitat or even refuse to designate it altogether.

The Center is constantly working to ensure every species listed under the Act is granted critical habitat. We’ve had great success with lawsuits to pressure the Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA Fisheries to protect habitat as soon as possible after a species receives federal protection.